The Purpose of Evil, and Suffering (Part 4)

landscape photography of snowy mountain

The Problem of Evil

Now that we have talked about the narrow war between the Holy Spirit and the flesh that everyone, who believes is conscripted into, it’s time to talk about the wider war that everyone is conscripted into by virtue of their birth and their inheritance from Adam and Eve.

The narrow war that God tells us about in Galatians, the war between the Holy Spirit and the believer’s flesh, gives us insight into the wider, more general war that everyone, who has been born, has to fight in. In this wider war, the god of the world system, along with his army of demons work through unbelievers to cause as much sorrow, pain, and death as they can, and they also try to get believers to cause others sorrow, pain, and death too. Christians have to fight against these agents of evil, and do good to those, who revile them, and seek to harm them, and as much as it is possible, pursue peace with all men. (Matthew 5:44; Romans 12:18)

Christians must also fight to resist the temptations that flow from the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, and pursue righteousness and holiness. We must also think on the things that are good, pure and holy, and manifest the fruit of the Holy Spirit to a lost and dying world, as we fight to keep our peace, in the war against the reality of sickness, disease, the deaths of our friends and family, and our knowledge of our own impending death.

Evil is a deceitful foe. And Christians are in a war against this foe. This war is merely a widening of the conflict that is between the Spirit and a Christian’s flesh, and it causes him just as much pain, sorrow and suffering, as the more narrow conflict does. As a Christian fights in this war, using the “tactics” that the Scriptures teach, the suffering that this war generates teaches him obedience and perfects his soul, just as the more narrow conflict does. On the other hand, when the Christian fights, in this war, using the tactics of the world, like the unbeliever does, his suffering steals his peace and discourages and disillusions him.

Christians must not succumb to fear, or murmur and complain about trials and sufferings. As a Christian murmurs and complains about the trials and sufferings that God has allowed into his life, what he is saying is that God’s provisions are not enough, and He doesn’t know what is best for him. This lifts God’s hand of protection and opens a believer up to attacks from the Devil. (Numbers 21:6) As a Christian lives in fear, he is saying that he does not trust God, he trusts the Devil and his ability to implement his evil plan. In the Scriptures, God tells us that He has not given us a spirit of fear and 365 times He tells us to “fear not”, so it is important that we do not fear and allow that which we fear to come upon us. (2 Timothy 1:7; Job 3:25)

God tells Christians to rejoice in trials and sufferings. (Acts 5:41; Philippians 1:29; James 1:2; 1 Peter 4:12-13) Why does God tell Christians to rejoice in trials and sufferings? It is because, as we rejoice in the trials and sufferings that God allows into our lives, the trials and sufferings change our character, and our character follows us into eternity, where its works are either affirmed or burnt up in the purifying flames of Christ’s judgement. (Romans 5:3-5; Romans 14:10) As we rejoice in trials and sufferings, we learn obedience and perfect our soul, so that we can enter the New Jerusalem and live with God forever and never rebel. (Hebrews 5:8-9)

The choice is ours, we can fight evil (or the problem of evil), the way that the Scriptures tell us to fight it, and learn obedience and perfect our soul, or we can fight the problem of evil the way the world fights it, and surrender our peace and become discouraged and disillusioned.

Christians have a distinct advantage in the wider conflict, because they have fought in the more narrow conflict and the Holy Spirit has taught them “combat skills” that equip him to fight in the wider war. For the unbeliever, the wider war with evil (the problem of evil) is meant to get him to search for a way out of all the sorrow, pain and suffering that sin has caused him. So, the pain that sin has caused the unbeliever should help open his ears so he can hear the Gospel and cooperate with the Spirit’s efforts to draw him unto salvation. The choice is his, however, he can embrace the grace that God extends to him and believe, or he can reject that grace and refuse to believe and let the deceitfulness of sin harden his heart towards God.

A Faulty Assumption

I have always assumed that the Garden of Eden was the perfect place for God to fellowship with the perfect human beings that He created. When I examined this assumption closely, I discovered that, all these years, I have been operating under a faulty assumption. God never said that Adam and Eve were perfect human beings, He simply said that they, and everything else that He created was very good. The Garden of Eden was merely a place of testing, and Adam and Eve were very good human beings, they were not perfect human beings.

God can not create a perfect free will creature, who will never rebel against Him. The free will of a human being can not be constrained ontologically without destroying his free will. And, the free will of a human being can not be constrained with conditional blessings or threats of punishment, because that would undermine free will and produce an insincere relationship. No, the only way God can build a perfect free will being, who will never rebel against Him, is to immerse this free will being into the fires of intense suffering for a previous rebellion. As the free will being suffers for a past rebellion, the suffering strengthens his resolve (his will) to be obedient, and increases the probability that he will never rebel again. Or as the Bible says, “For he who has suffered in the flesh has ceased from sin. That he no longer should live the rest of time in the flesh to the lusts of men, but to the will of God” (1 Peter 4:1-2)

God knew that His free will creatures would rebel against Him, which is why He put together His plan of salvation and committed Himself to die on the execution stake, before He even laid the foundations of the earth. ( 1 Peter 1:20) The Garden of Eden was simply the place of testing that proved to man that which God already knew, in order to get the party started.

Twelve Steps to the New Jerusalem

God’s goal has always been to live with perfect humans in the New Jerusalem. God never intended to live in the Garden of Eden with humans. The Garden of Eden was a place of testing, where God showed humans what He already knew, and kicked off the process of humans being made perfect through suffering, so they could live in the New Jerusalem.

The New Jerusalem is twelve steps away, and this is how we get there:

Step One: Hear the Gospel, and accept the grace that God extends to you, and choose to believe the Gospel, and place your trust in it. As you take this step, God rebirths your human spirit and makes it perfect and transforms you into a new creature, who will live forever.

Step Two: Study the Scriptures and renew your mind, so you know how to live righteously and recognize the promptings of the Holy Spirit to manifest His good, acceptable and perfect will.

Step Three: Walk in the Spirit, so that you will not fulfill the immoral passions and lusts of the flesh, thereby crucifying the flesh with its immoral passions and lusts.

Step Four: Recognize and cooperate with the Holy Spirit, as He works in your heart to cultivate His fruit, and manifest His fruit for all to see, thereby glorifying God before men.

Step Five: Overcome the devil, his demons and his wicked children, with good. Overcome the temptations that spring from the the lusts of the flesh, the lusts of the eyes, and the pride of life, through the power of the Holy Spirit, and think on these things: Things that are true, honest, righteous, pure, lovely, good, and praise worthy.

Step Six: Suffer with a good attitude and always rejoice in God, thank God and glorify God.

Step Seven: Die physically, and appear before the Bema Seat to be judged by Christ.

Step Eight: The Holy Spirit resurrects your dead body and dwells in it, in order to glorify it, which gives it righteous passions and lusts that glorify God, and a life without end.

Step Nine: Rejoice as God places your perfect spirit, and your judged and perfected soul in your perfect glorified body.

Step Ten: Rejoice as you enter the New Jerusalem, where there is no more sickness, sorrow, pain, or death. Rejoice because the enemy of your soul, the Devil, his demons and his children are now in prison separated forever from the New Jerusalem and can no longer influence you.

Step Eleven: Do what Adam and Eve should have done: Eat from the Tree of Life.

Step Twelve: Live with God, and love Him, forever and ever.

The changes the twelve steps make in us are not radical ontological changes that change the fundamental make up of a human being. No, the changes that the twelve steps make in us merely restores us to the original condition of Adam and Eve, and hardens our will against rebellion. Adam and Eve fell because their souls had not been tempered and made perfect through suffering. In the New Jerusalem we will not have that problem, because we will have suffered many things, while in a body of death, living in a fallen world, immersed in evil.

When we understand why God designed us in a way that pretty much guaranteed that we would rebel against Him and why He lets us suffer in a fallen world for our rebellion, then it becomes easier to endure suffering without becoming discouraged and disillusioned. Think about the day we will eat of the Tree of Life and enter the New Jerusalem to live forever with God and experience blessings that we can not even imagine. (1 Corinthians 2:9) Truly the sufferings that we now endure pail in comparison to the glory that awaits us! (Romans 8:18)

A Closing Remark

At times, while thinking this through, and typing it out, I got a little uncomfortable. It almost seemed like I was saying that we have the right to eat of the Tree of Life and live with God in the New Jerusalem, because we have suffered in a fallen world. Let me be clear, I am not saying this! God forbid! We will have the right to eat of the Tree of Life, and live with God, in the New Jerusalem, simply because while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us, and His blood cleanses us of all sin. (Romans 5:8; Ephesians 1:7) We will eat of the Tree of Life, because the Father has willed that we would be cleansed of all sin by the blood of Jesus and that the Holy Spirit would raise us and give us a new life, and empower us to overcome the Devil, the world, and the flesh, and learn obedience through the things that we suffer.

Salvation, from beginning to end, is the work of God. (Philippians 1:6) The Father draws us to Christ, through the Gospel, and gives us the faith to believe it. (John 6:44; Romans 10:17; Ephesians 2:8) When we believe, the Holy Spirit seals us, and comes to live in us, and transforms us into a new creature. (John 6:44; Ephesians 1:13; 2 Corinthians 5:17) As this happens, the Holy Spirit begins to conform us unto the image of Jesus, our Big Brother, and as far as God is concerned, this job is finished, because He already sees us as glorified. (Romans 8:29-30) God will not fail, it is a sure thing that will eventually happen when we are glorified.

Nevertheless, God tells us to work out our salvation with fear and trembling. (Philippians 2:12) Why does God tell us to work out our salvation, if He sees our salvation as a job that He has already finished, and He considers us to be a little brother of Jesus, who bears His image?

It is because God lives in us, both to will and to do His good pleasure. (Philippians 2:13) In other words, God lives in us and gives us desires that reflect His will, and He gives us the power to do His will. God, however, doesn’t force us to act on these desires, it is our choice, we can yield to His desires, over our own, and do His will, or ignore His will, and do our own will. The more that we yield to God’s desires and do His will, the more we manifest (prove, or work out) our salvation for all to see. People should see our faith by our works (James 2:18) And we should also see our own faith in our own works, so we can assure ourselves of our own salvation (2 Corinthians 13:5) This is an important task that we should take very seriously.

When we yield to the Holy Spirit and do His will, we are not earning our salvation, we are merely doing what saved people do. Likewise, when we suffer while maintaining faith and a good attitude, thereby learning obedience and purifying our soul, we are not earning the right to eat of the Tree of Life, we are merely doing what saved people do, and saved people will one day get to eat of the Tree of Life, and live in the New Jerusalem with God, forever.

So, what is the purpose of evil, and suffering?

Evil and the suffering that it causes turns our thoughts towards the “ultimate questions” of life, which turns us towards God. After we embrace God’s grace and struggle to obey Him, evil and the suffering that it causes teaches us obedience and purifies our soul. The obedience that we learn equips us to live with God in the New Jerusalem and never rebel against Him.

Does it help to understand why God created you like He did, and why He made you live in a fallen world, where you suffered? Does it help you keep your joy and strength, and not grow bitter and become discouraged and disillusioned? Tell the truth, have you ever struggled to keep your joy and your strength, and not get discouraged and disillusioned? Or is it just me?

The Purpose of Evil, and Suffering (Part 3)

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Rebellion, and the New Jerusalem

To have free will, is to have a will that is not constrained. This will is free to side with good, or to side with evil. If a Human will is constrained by an ontological change within the human, which changes his makeup, to ensure that it can only side with good, then it is not free. And if the human will is constrained by promises of blessings, and threats of punishment, free will is corrupted and an insincere relationship is produced. Remember, how the Jewish leaders kept the law without faith, merely to obtain blessings and avoid curses, and Jesus called them the children of the devil? A human, who could only side with good, and act righteously could not bring pleasure to God. This means that in the New Jerusalem, God is not going to make an ontological change in us that will make it impossible for us to once again rebel against Him. No, God is changing us right here, right now, in this fallen world, and equipping us to fulfill His calling to freely side with good, and forever live righteously with Him in the New Jerusalem.

To sincerely Love God, is to love Him for Who He is, and not for what He can give us, or because we are terrified of His punishment. God derives no pleasure from a human, who loves Him insincerely. In fact, God hates dry mechanical love (obedience) that is merely for the purpose of obtaining His blessings and avoiding punishment. (John 14:15; Isaiah 29:13; Hosea 6:6; Amos 5:21-27) God isn’t going to make some radical ontological change in us that makes it impossible for us to insincerely love Him. No, God is changing us right here, right now, in this fallen world, so we can live up to His calling to sincerely love Him in the New Jerusalem.

In the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve’s wills were unconstrained, that is, they were free to obey God, or to disobey Him. Moreover, in the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve loved God for Who He was, and not because they wanted something from Him, or because they were terrified of Him and the punishment that He could inflict on them. This is evident from the fact that God had already given Adam and Eve everything they needed, and they were not terrified of Him, or the punishment that He could inflict on them, because they fellowshipped with Him, in the cool of the day, and sadly, they ultimately chose to defy Him.

Although Adam and Eve were free to either obey God, or disobey Him, and they sincerely loved Him, when Satan offered Eve a choice that appealed to her, she took it. And tragically, Adam chose to follow Eve. Since Adam and Eve sincerely loved God and they had free wills, the “free” and “sincere” part of the equation was not the problem, it was the “always” part.

The Serpent offered Eve the opportunity to become like God, to know good and evil, i.e, he offered her the power to evaluate good and evil and base her decisions on her evaluations, rather than on God’s evaluation of what was good and what was evil. As Eve ate the forbidden fruit, she was, in effect, declaring her autonomy and sovereign rule over her own life. Sadly, Eve threw off God’s “shackles”, so she could rule her own life. Adam was now faced with a choice to remain “in bondage” to God, or to follow his wife in her new found “freedom”. The prospect of freedom combined with his desire for his wife and he rebelled, and declared his autonomy and his sovereign rule over his life. This proved to be a tragedy for them, and for their offspring. In the New Jerusalem, however, we will always obey, and never rebel again.

The Fallen Human Being

God designed human beings to be like Him, so that humans could have meaningful relationships with Him that brings both, Him and them pleasure. (Genesis 1:26; Revelation 4:11; Psalm 16:11) This is why God is not going to make some radical ontological change to us that would make us less like Him. A human is a tripartite being, who is made up of a spirit, a soul, and a body. (1Thessalonians 5:23) At the junction of the body, soul and spirit is what the Bible calls, “the heart“, and the heart controls the will. (Proverbs 4:23, 15:7; Luke 6:45)

The fall corrupted our body’s desires, which is why the Bible tells us to war against the desires of our body. (1 Peter 2:11; 1 Corinthians 9:27; Romans 8:13) The fall also corrupted our soul, which is why we seek to elevate ourselves above others, and labor to fulfill the cravings of the body. (Philippians 2:3) Our spirit, which gives life to our body and soul, supplying them with the energy and information they need, died, i.e, it separated itself from God. (James 2:26) In sum: The human system fell into corruption, which is why the Bible says that the human heart is above all things, deceitful, desperately wicked, and we can not know it. (Jeremiah 17-9-10)

The fallen human spirit is separated from the life of God, and is autonomous. The fallen human spirit has sovereign rule over the un-renewed soul and the corrupt body. The fallen human spirit loves the darkness, and resists the Light. The fallen human spirit loves its autonomy and sovereign rule, and fights anyone, who tries usurp its authority and dethrone him. The motives of the fallen human are selfish and self-serving. Although a fallen human may seek God, the God that he seeks serves his purpose and bows to his sovereign rule. And, when the fallen human does something good, he does it with impure motives that reinforce his sovereign rule. This is why the Bible makes the somewhat counterintuitive claim that the fallen human being doesn’t seek God, or do good, and cannot please Him. (Romans 3:11-12)

Everything that a fallen human being is compels him to act autonomously, and exercise his sovereign rule. Everything that the fallen human being does, whether he is “seeking God” or “doing good“, springs from the well of his own autonomy, and reinforces his sovereign rule. It should be painfully obvious to each of us that, if we are going to live with God in the New Jerusalem, and always and forever sincerely love Him and freely choose to obey Him and never again stand up for our own autonomy or sovereign rule and rebel against Him, that we must be changed, and we must be changed very radically. So the sixty-four thousand dollar question is simply this: What will make such a radical change in fallen human beings?

Radical Change

Our radical transformation begins, when we hear the gospel, and the Holy Spirit enables us to bow our knee to Jesus, and trust in His finished work on the execution stake. When we hear the Gospel, we are dead in our trespasses and sins. Moreover, our will is in bondage to our sinful flesh and we are incapable of surrendering our autonomy and our sovereign rule over our life. The Holy Spirit intervenes and gives us a temporary reprieve from the bondage of self, and frees us to choose. (This is called prevenient grace) If we choose to surrender our autonomy and sovereign rule over our life, and submit to the Lord’s commands and sovereign rule, and place our trust in His finished work, the Holy Spirit unites Himself with our spirit. The Holy Spirit then restores the union with God that Adam forfeited in the Garden of Eden, and thereby grants us eternal life. We have then passed from eternal death unto eternal life!

The Spirit unites Himself with our spirit, and this union puts our fallen human spirit to death on Christ’s execution stake. (Galatians 2:20) As the Spirit unites Himself with our spirit, we are raised with Christ and reborn as a brand new creature! (2 Corinthians 5:17) Our old fallen spirit dies, on the execution stake, and our new spirit is hidden in God with Christ. (1 Corinthians 6:17; Colossians 3:2) After this, no one can snatch us from our Father’s hand, and nothing can possibly separate us from the love of God. (John 10:28-30; Romans 8: 38-39) And, the Holy Spirit’s presence in us is our ironclad guarantee that He will finish the work of redemption by resurrecting our physical body, and never leave or forsake us. (Ephesians 1:14; Hebrews 13:5)

As the Holy Spirit unites Himself with our human spirit, we become a child of God, and a joint heir with Jesus, who is now our older brother. (Hebrews 2:11; Romans 8:17, 29) We (our spirit) is now “in Christ” and seated with Him, on the right hand of the Father, in the heavenly realm. (Galatians 3:26-28; Ephesians 2:6) The Holy Spirit now walks beside us, and leads us and guides us, and it is our job to follow Him, i.e. it is our job to walk in the Spirit and not fulfill the lusts of the flesh. (John 16:13; Romans 8:14; Galatians 5:16) The Holy Spirit gives us the desire to please God, and submit to Him and obey Him. (Philippians 2:13) The Holy Spirit places us in the Body of Christ and enables us to function in it and gives us a desire to love our siblings in Christ and fellowship with them. (1 Corinthians 12:13, 27; Philippians 2:13; 1 Peter 1:22)

When the Holy Spirit unites Himself with our human spirit, our human spirit is completely transformed. Our soul, however, is not. Our soul, our mind and emotions, finds itself standing in the middle, in between our reborn human spirit, which has Godly desires, and our old un-redeemed flesh that has selfish and worldly desires, and is at war with our reborn spirit. Our task is to study the Scriptures and change how we think, so that the transformation that has occurred in our spirit can be actualized in this world for all to see. And thankfully, God’s Spirit gives us a desire to continue in His Word, so that we can perform the good, acceptable, and perfect will of God, here on the earth, as we walk with Him. (John 8:31-32; Romans 12:2)

So, when the Holy Spirit unites Himself with our human spirit, our human spirit is totally transformed. Then, we can transform our soul to varying degrees by studying God’s Word, and thinking like He thinks, which will change some of the emotions that drive us. The flesh, however, is another story. The flesh is totally corrupt, and absolutely irredeemable. What exactly is the flesh? The flesh is our body with its immoral desires that insist on being fulfilled, which is in cahoots with the dark recesses of our untransformed soul that is sympathetic with these corrupt desires and seeks to fulfill them. The flesh sides with the world, and all that is within it, namely, the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life. (1 John 2:16)

The devil rules over the world system and he uses the things of the world to energize our flesh, in an effort to get us to do his will. (2 Corinthians 4:4; 1 John 2:16) On the other hand, the Holy Spirit energizes our human spirit, in an effort to get us to do His will. Our soul is the referee, who sides with God or Satan. Here’s the bottom line: Our reborn spirit is in a war with the Devil, the world, and the flesh. And this deeply disturbing war is not a cosmic accident. God designed this war especially for us, for our good. (Romans 8:28) Why would God make us fight in this war? We must fight this war, because as we fight, it transforms our soul, and equips us to sincerely and steadfastly love God, in the New Jerusalem, and never rebel.

The War

In Galatians 5:16-25, God tells us a little about this war. God says that if we live in the Spirit, that is, if the Holy Spirit has really united Himself with our human spirit, and our life is now hidden in Christ and in God, then we should walk in the Spirit. And if we walk in the Spirit, we will not fulfill the lust of the flesh. God goes on to tell us exactly what the works of the flesh are, and what fruit the Holy Spirit produces in us. God also tells us that if we are “In Christ“, we will crucify the flesh with its passions and lusts. This is important. So what does God mean when He says to walk in the Spirit, and to crucify the flesh with its passions and lusts?

To walk in the Spirit, is to yield to the promptings and leadings of the Holy Spirit. How do we recognize the promptings and leadings of the Holy Spirit? The Holy Spirit will prompt and lead us to live in accordance with God’s Word (to live righteously) and be holy, as we manifest the fruit He produces in our heart. This means we must study God’s Word, so that we will know how to live righteously, and recognize the Holy Spirit’s fruit. In other words, we must renew our mind, so that we can manifest the good, acceptable and perfect will of God, in our life.

To crucify the flesh with its passions and lusts, is to resist and refuse to satisfy the passions and lusts of the flesh, so the flesh dies a slow painful death. As the body’s passions and lusts are activated, they trigger old synaptic pathways (old thought patterns) that generate chemical energy that moves through our brain and body (emotions) in an effort to get us to act on these thoughts. The more often the soul has given these old energized thought patterns priority and yielded to them, the harder it is to resist and deny them. We must, however, resist and deny these passions and lusts, and it is painful to do so, because crucifixion is painful. The crucifixion of our flesh produces a lot of pain and suffering.

The more we resist and deny the passions and lusts of the flesh, and embrace and manifest the fruit of the Spirit, the easier it becomes to do so. It gets easier because the old synaptic patterns that manifested the works of the flesh get weaker and less pronounced, and the synaptic patterns associated with manifesting the Holy Spirit’s fruit gets stronger and more pronounced. This is how the flesh is crucified. Never forget, however, that the nature of the flesh is not changed by our efforts to crucify it. The flesh with its passions and lusts will never change, and it will never give up, it will continue to war against the efforts of the Spirit to lead us unto righteousness, and holiness. That’s why the flesh has to eventually physically die.

Our spirit and soul will never die, but our body will, because it is an irredeemable adversary.

When we believe the Gospel, the Holy Spirit seals us, and His presence in us is our guarantee that He will finish His work of redemption and resurrect our body and glorify it (transform it). We now have a small measure of the Holy Spirit living in us, the first fruits of the Spirit. When God fulfills the contract that He entered into with us and resurrects our physical body, He deposits a greater measure of His Spirit in it. This greater measure of the Spirit in our body glorifies it. Our physical body is changed from an immoral body that has been sentenced to death, to a moral body that is alive for evermore! (Romans 8:23; 1 Corinthians 15: 35-55) Our physical body will no longer be under a death sentence for its immoral passions and lusts!

Until then, however, we will have to war against the immoral passions and lusts of the flesh. As we war against the immoral passions and lusts of the flesh, it changes our soul, and makes obedience easier (We learn obedience). Our spirit and soul will never forget this painful war and they will do everything they can do to ensure that they never have to fight in it again. And when God glorifies our physical body and places us in a sinless environment, our spirit and soul will stand steadfast in obedience and never again succumb to the temptation to rebel!

The Purpose of Evil, and Suffering (Part 2)

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Random Accidents or Designed for a Purpose

In part one, we saw that God created the universe, and everything in it. We saw that God chose His Words very carefully and was very specific, very precise, and very deliberate. We saw that God ordered everything, just the way He wanted it, in order to fulfill His purpose. We ended part one with an important question: Why did God create us, in such a way that pretty much guaranteed that we would rebel, and then force us to suffer and die in a fallen world?

Before we examine what the Bible says about this troubling question, it would be nice to see if science comports with what the Bible says about God creating the universe, and everything in it. So, how does this biblical account of creation comport with the reality that we observe? Does science support the biblical account, or is science at odds with the biblical account?

Let’s look at some scientific observations of our universe.

The atheist astrophysicist Sir Fred Hoyle, who founded the prestigious Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge, as he was contemplating stellar evolution and formulating the theory of nucleosynthesis, which explains the origin of elements, theorized that a particular isotope of carbon would be necessary to form elements more complex than beryllium. Although it was very improbable (for all practical purposes impossible) that such a carbon isotope existed, it had to exist, for life to exist. Life is built around carbon because it bonds with itself to form long chains to store information, and it easily bonds with other elements to store energy.

Hoyle was a staunch atheist, who had once said,  “religion is but a desperate attempt to find an escape from the truly dreadful situation in which we find ourselves…No wonder then that many people feel the need for some belief that gives them a sense of security, and no wonder that they become very angry with people like me who say that this is illusory.”

By this time, Edwin Hubble, who was a famous American astronomer, had already discovered the red shift, which meant that the universe was expanding and thus, it had a beginning, but Hoyle refused to accept that idea and promoted a steady state (eternal) universe. Hoyle refused to accept that the universe had a beginning, because that sounded too much like the biblical account of creation. Hoyle mockingly called this idea the “Big Bang“, and the name stuck. After William Fowler, an American nuclear physicist, found Hoyle’s theoretical isotope, Hoyle said that his worldview had been shaken to its core, and that “A commonsense interpretation of the facts suggests that a super intellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature.”

Hoyle said it would be more probable for us to chain a group of monkeys to typewriters and for them to randomly bang on the keys until they wrote Shakespeare’s play “Hamlet“, than it would be for the super hot core of a star to produce this carbon isotope. Hoyle realized that an intellect had fine tuned the proprieties of the universe, in order to produce this carbon isotope to fulfill a purpose, which was to bring forth life, in the universe. So, Hoyle came up with the idea of panspermia, which said that aliens intervened to create life on our planet. Before Hoyle died he said that life, “must have been the result of some unseen intelligence and that ‘there is a coherent plan for the universe, although I admit I have no idea what it is’”

Clearly, science tells us that the universe had a beginning, and it has been fine tuned for life, (which means that there must be a Fine Tuner) but like Hoyle and Darwin, people refuse to accept these facts, because they just can not understand the problem of evil and, because the idea of surrendering their autonomy and their sovereign rule over their lives is abhorrent to them. And sadly, when they stand before God, they will be without excuse. (Romans 1:20)

Now let’s look at some scientific observations about life, and its origin.

Specifically, let’s look at the amino acids that make up the proteins that make up every cell of a human body. Did the amino acids spontaneously form in a prehistoric prebiotic pond, when lightening struck it, and did these amino acids link up chemically to form functioning proteins, which self-assembled into a functioning cell? Did the chemical environment cause this lucky cell to divide and form another cell, which under went a mutation and linked with the original cell, conveying a benefit to it, which helped it survive? Did this fortuitous chemical roulette wheel keep on spinning for billions of years, until a living organism finally emerged? Did this living organism reproduce itself and continue to mutate and did natural pressures kill off the weaker organisms and allow only the fittest to reproduce and mutate into novel organisms, until humans emerged, billons of years later? Or did God create the laws of physics and chemistry and apply them in order to make amino acids, proteins, cells, and the human being?

Dr. Steven Myer, who holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge wrote the following about chemical evolution producing the first amino acids in some prehistoric prebiotic soup.

“While laboratory simulation experiments have failed to demonstrate the plausibility of chemical evolution, they may have inadvertently demonstrated the necessity of intelligent agency playing an active role in the design of living systems. Ironically, even successful simulation experiments require the intervention of the experimenters to prevent what are known as “interfering cross reactions” and other chemically destructive processes.

Assume for the moment that the reducing gases used by Stanley Miller do actually simulate the conditions on the early earth. Would his experimental results, then, support chemical evolution? Not necessarily. Miller-type simulation experiments have invariably produced non-biological substances in addition to biological building blocks such as amino acids and nucleic acid bases. Without human intervention, these other substances will react readily with biologically relevant building blocks to form a biologically irrelevant compound, a chemically insoluble sludge.

To prevent this from happening and to move the simulation of chemical evolution along a biologically promising trajectory, experimenters have often removed those chemicals that degrade or transform amino acids into non-biologically relevant compounds. They must also artificially manipulate the initial conditions in their experiments. Rather than using both short and long-wavelength ultraviolet light which would be present in any realistic atmosphere, they use only short-wavelength UV. Why? The presence of the long-wavelength UV light quickly degrades amino acids. Thus, investigators have routinely manipulated chemical conditions both before and after performing “simulation” experiments in order to protect their experiments from destructive naturally occurring processes. These manipulations constitute what chemist Michael Polanyi called a “profoundly informative intervention.

They seem to simulate, if they simulate anything, the need for an intelligent agent to overcome the randomizing influences of natural chemical processes, processes that lead inexorably, under realistic conditions, to biochemical dead-ends.”

Dr. Meyer went on to write about the probability of amino acids blindly forming functional proteins:

“First, all amino acids must form a chemical bond known as a peptide bond so as to join with other amino acids in the protein chain. Yet in nature many other types of chemical bonds are possible between amino acids; in fact, peptide and non-peptide bonds occur with roughly equal probability. Thus, at any given site along a growing amino acid chain the probability of having a peptide bond is roughly 1/2. The probability of attaining four peptide bonds is: (1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2)=1/16 or (1/2)4. The probability of building a chain of 100 amino acids in which all linkages involve peptide linkages is (1/2)100 or roughly 1 chance in 1030.

Second, in nature every amino acid has a distinct mirror image of itself, one left-handed version or L-form and one right-handed version or D-form. These mirror-image forms are called optical isomers. Functioning proteins tolerate only left-handed amino acids, yet the right-handed and left-handed isomers occurs in nature with roughly equal frequency. Taking this into consideration compounds the improbability of attaining a biologically functioning protein. The probability of attaining at random only L-amino acids in a hypothetical peptide chain 100 amino acids long is again (1/2)100 or roughly 1 chance in 1030. The probability of building a 100 amino acid length chain at random in which all bonds are peptide bonds and all amino acids are L-form would be (1/4)100 or roughly 1 chance in 1060 (zero for all practical purposes given the time available on the early earth). Functioning proteins have a third independent requirement, the most important of all; their amino acids must link up in a specific sequential arrangement just as the letters in a meaningful sentence must. In some cases, even changing one amino acid at a given site can result in a loss of protein function. 

Moreover, because there are twenty biologically occurring amino acids the probability of getting a specific amino acid at a given site is small, i.e. 1/20. (Actually the probability is even lower because there are many non-proteineous amino acids in nature). On the assumption that all sites in a protein chain require one particular amino acid, the probability of attaining a particular protein 100 amino acids long would be (1/20)100or roughly 1 chance in 10130. We know now, however, that some sites along the chain do tolerate several of the twenty proteineous amino acids, while others do not.

The biochemist Robert Sauer of M.I.T has used a technique known as “cassette mutagenesis” to determine just how much variance among amino acids can be tolerated at any given site in several proteins. His results have shown that, even taking the possibility of variance into account, the probability of achieving a functional sequence of amino acids in several functioning proteins at random is still “vanishingly small,” roughly 1 chance in 1065 an astronomically large number. (There are 1065 atoms in our galaxy). 

In light of these results, biochemist Michael Behe has compared the odds of attaining proper sequencing in a 100 amino acid length protein to the odds of a blindfolded man finding a single marked grain of sand hidden in the Sahara Desert, not once, but three times. Moreover, if one also factors in the probability of attaining proper bonding and optical isomers, the probability of constructing a rather short functional protein at random becomes so small as to be effectively zero. All these calculations, thus simply reinforce the opinion that has prevailed since the mid-1960s within origin of life biology: chance is not an adequate explanation for the origin of biological specificity.”

So, what do scientific observations tell us? Science tells us that there is no way that random natural processes could have performed all the chemical engineering that would have been necessary to produce the very first useable amino acids. And if useable amino acids had been available, there is no way that they could have randomly self-assembled into long chains and folded into functional proteins. Protein formation is driven by information, not chemistry.

A gene, which is a section of DNA that specifies how to construct a protein, is read by a tiny molecular machine called RNA Polymerase (RNAP) and this molecular machine transcribes a section of DNA into mRNA and then another molecular machine called a ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles amino acids in long strings and folds them in order to create functional proteins. The genetic code in humans directs these amazing molecular machines to make 20,000 different proteins, which are assembled together to construct 200 different cells, which are used to form the tissues of all the organs and systems of and within a human body.

The whole process of building proteins, cells, tissues, organs, and systems in order to form a human body is driven primarily by genetic information, not chemistry. So, it is nonsensical to claim that life originated from environmentally-guided chemical evolution. No, life depends primarily on information that guides chemical processes. Moreover, life depends on the tiny molecular machines that interpret information and assemble biological matter into highly specified ordered functional configurations. This means that life depends on life. Here’s what I mean: a ribosome reads mRNA in order to assemble long chains of amino acids and fold them into functional proteins in order to create life, but ribosomes are made out of long chains of amino acids that have been strung together and folded into functional proteins, so that they can create life. So, life originated from life, and more specifically, from a Mind.

Paraphrasing James Tour, who holds a Ph.D. in synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry from Purdue University, we have been studying the origin of life problem for decades, and have discovered that life is incredibly complex. We have discovered that random chemical reactions can not produce life, there are too many special conditions, where chemical reactions must be isolated from one another, and symmetries must be broken.

Work has clearly been done to overcome the effects of entropy, thus, life is the product of design. Life is the result of a highly ordered system that defies the effects of chemical entropy. Every closed system will succumb to the effects of entropy, unless external work is done on that system to enable it to overcome the effects of entropy. So, the question is this: Who or what put in the work that is necessary to overcome chemical entropy to produce life?

Clearly, useable amino acids did not evolve in an electrified chemical soup, under a reducing atmosphere and self-assemble into functional proteins, because protein formation is a very complex process that is driven by information, not chemistry. Information from an intelligent agent guided the chemical processes in order to form amino acids. And math tells us that without this intelligent agent guiding the sequencing of the amino acids, and specifying how they are folded in order to build functional proteins, functional proteins would not exist. To believe otherwise is to believe that you could be blindfolded and released in the Sahara Desert and find a single grain of sand that had been marked and hidden, three times!

Clearly, the Bible offers the best explanation of where animals, and humans came from.

Here is the bottom line: Scientific observations comport with the biblical account of how God created the universe, and with the biblical account of how God created animals and humans, so we can have great confidence in what the Bible says about our very troubling question.

God’s Purpose, and Goal

God is all knowing. God is all powerful. God is love. And as we have seen, everything that exists is God’s thoughts. God choose to think certain thoughts and speak those thoughts out, in order to create everything. God could have thought any one of a billion other thoughts, and spoke them into existence. So, why did God choose this universe, and its laws? Why did God choose to make us the way He did, knowing that we would rebel against Him? After we fell, why did God choose to make us live in this sad, sad world, where conflict, struggle, pain, suffering, sorrow, poverty, disease, and death rule over us? Why did God choose to become one of us, and shed His blood, while suffering a horrible death, to restore us to fellowship?

God could have created a universe that had laws that would not permit decay. God could have created us in a way that ensured that we would never rebel against Him. God could have made us more like Him, and given us the creative powers that He has, so we could create our own universe, and continually fulfill our every desire. In short: God could have done everything differently. God, however, chose to make us in a way that ensured that we would fall, and live in a fallen world that promoted conflict, struggle, pain, suffering, lack, disease and death. Why? Because it accomplishes His purpose. So what is God’s purpose?

In Revelation 4:11, God says that He created everything for His pleasure. In 1 John 4:16, God tells us that He is love. What does love do? In John 3:16, God tells us that Love gives. So, God derives pleasure from giving Himself. God is One essence, however, He is also Three persons. Before God created us, the three persons in the Godhead gave themselves to each other, i.e. they fellowshipped with each other. Then, God decided to make creatures that were like Him so He could give Himself to them, and they could give themselves back to Him. (1 John 4:19)

In short, God created us, so that He could fellowship with us.

We see this fellowship in Genesis 3:8. God appeared in the Garden of Eden, during the cool of the day, when it would be most comfortable for Adam and Eve to fellowship with Him. And it would appear that God came to fellowship with Adam and Eve everyday, because they were expecting Him, which is why they hastily sewed together fig leaves and made clothes for themselves, in order to hide their shame, so that they could fellowship with Him.

God’s ultimate goal is found in Revelation 21:3. God’s ultimate goal is to live with humans. God doesn’t want to just come and visit humans every once in a while, or everyday when it cools off. No, God Almighty wants to live with us, and enjoy our company, forever and ever!

So, it would appear that God didn’t create the Garden of Eden as the perfect place for Him and Adam to fellowship together, and that God didn’t create Adam in his optimal state. No, the Garden of Eden was merely a place of testing, and Adam failed the test, as God knew he would. Moreover, Adam was not created in his optimal state, which is why he failed the test.

The book of Revelation tells us that the perfect place will be the New Jerusalem, and that Adam will be in his perfect state, when he is there. In the New Jerusalem men and women, who have been made perfect, will live with and fellowship with the Perfect God, forever. And in the New Jerusalem there will be no more pain, crying, sorrow or death! (Revelation 21:4)

As it turns out, God can not create perfect men and women, He has to build perfect men and women, by subjecting them to suffering. Jesus is One of the Persons in the Godhead. This member of the Godhead came to earth, through the agency of another member of the Godhead, the Holy Spirit, Who fertilized Mary’s egg to bring forth Jesus in a human body. Jesus is fully God, and fully man. God didn’t create Jesus, He is Eternal, but He did create His earthly body. The Spirit of Jesus is perfect, but His physical soul endured conflict, sorrow, suffering and death, in order to learn obedience and be made perfect. (Hebrews 5:8-9)

The statement that God can not create perfect men and women seems outlandish. So, God is all-knowing, and all-powerful, but He can not create a perfect human that He wants to live with and fellowship with? It is logically impossible for God to create a square circle, and it is also logically impossible for Him to create a perfect human, who always freely exercises his or her will to sincerely love Him. The important words, in this statement are “always“, “freely” and “sincerely“. God can not create us with these attributes, these attributes have to be built into us, as we suffer in this fallen world. These attributes cost God a lot, He had to shed His blood and die for them, and they cost us a lot of suffering, but evidently, it will be worth it.

Since God created us in His own image and likeness, we can gain some insight into why He finds freely chosen sincere love so pleasurable by examining our human relationships. What type of relationship gives us the most pleasure? If we desired someone and we cast a spell on them, or drugged them, in order to captivate their will, so that they could not choose to be in a relationship with anyone but us, would that give us pleasure? Or would it bring us more pleasure to know that even though the person we desired could have chosen anyone, they freely chose to be in a relationship with us? And of course, this question answers itself.

Does sincerity really matter? If we were rich and famous, and the person, who we loved, merely loved us, so that they could spend our money and enjoy our popularity, and we discovered that they feigned their love for us, would it bring us pleasure? Or would we find it reprehensible, when we discovered that the person, who we loved, only feigned love for us, so that they could enjoy our money and fame? And of course, this question also answers itself.

So, when it comes to relationships and love, “freely” and “sincerely” are very important words. God could have designed us as robots that couldn’t freely exercise our will and choose to rebel against Him, but there would be no point, because He would not derive any pleasure from such a relationship. Moreover, God , in all His Glory, could have lived with us here on the earth and swiftly rewarded obedience and punished disobedience, but this would have surely caused us to feign love for Him, in order to get what we wanted and avoid punishment. God does not find feigned love pleasurable, He finds pleasure in us sincerely loving Him, so He has hidden Himself from us and compelled us to live by faith, and let us reap what we have sown.

So, what about the, “always” part? The always part is more problematic, than the freely and sincerely parts. The perfect human that God desires to live in a relationship with in the New Jerusalem will always and forever freely exercise his or her will to sincerely love Him.

We will talk about the “always” problem in part three.